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                <title level="j">ICES Scientifics Reports </title>
                <editor>International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES)</editor>
                <editor>Michael Jech</editor>
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                <term xml:lang="en">Fisheries acoustics</term>
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                <term xml:lang="en">Species identification</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Remote Sensing</term>
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              <p>Eine Herausforderung bei der akustischen Beobachtung von Meeresorganismen ist die Identifizierung von Arten, insbesondere in flachen Gewässern, in denen eine große Vielfalt herrscht. Wir setzten eine Kombination aus Split-Beam-Echoloten EK80 (70, 120 und 200 kHz) und Fächerecholoten M3 (500 kHz) ein, um monospezifische Fischschwärme in flachen Küstengewässern (5-60 m) zu erfassen. Es wurden innovative Protokolle für die spezifische Zuordnung getestet, wobei (i) Taucher bei der Zählung von Fischschwärmen und (ii) geschleppte Taucher eingesetzt wurden. Außerdem wurde ein stereoskopisches Videosystem eingesetzt, um die Länge und den Umfang der Fische zu ermitteln und mit den visuellen Schätzungen der Taucher zu vergleichen. Es wurden mehrere unabhängige Wiederholungen monospezifischer Schwärme von 5 Fischarten ermittelt. Der kombinierte Einsatz der Echolote ermöglicht es, ergänzende morphologische, akustische und räumliche Deskriptoren zur korrekten Unterscheidung der Schwärme zu erhalten. Da sich außerdem gezeigt hat, dass das stereoskopische System präzise Messungen von Individuen ermöglicht und die visuelle Beobachtung durch Taucher überflüssig macht, deuten unsere Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass ein mit Kameras ausgestattetes System in Form einer ferngesteuerten, geschleppten Instrumentenplattform in naher Zukunft für Bodenuntersuchungen in flachen und klaren Gewässern eingesetzt werden könnte.</p>
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              <p>One challenge of acoustic observations of marine organisms is the identification of species, particularly in shallow waters where high diversity occurs. We deployed combining split-beam EK80 (70, 120 and 200 kHz) and M3 multibeam (500 kHz) echosounders to detect monospecific fish shoals in coastal shallow waters (5-60 m). Innovative protocols for the specific allocation were tested, using (i) scuba divers census on fish shoals and (ii) towed scuba diver. Stereoscopic video system was also used to assess fish length and abundance and compare with the visual estimations of divers. Several independent replicates of monospecific shoals from 5 fish species were obtained. The combined used of the echosounders allows to have complementary morphologic, acoustic and spatial descriptors to correctly discriminate the shoals. In addition, as the stereoscopic system has shown to provide precise measurements of individuals and could overcome the visual diver observations, our results suggest that a system equipped with cameras like a remotely controlled towed instrumentation platform could be used in a near future for ground trust in shallow and clear waters.</p>
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              <p>L'un des défis des observations acoustiques des organismes marins est l'identification des espèces, en particulier dans les eaux peu profondes où la diversité est élevée. Nous avons déployé une combinaison d'échosondeurs à faisceaux multiples EK80 (70, 120 et 200 kHz) et M3 (500 kHz) pour détecter les bancs de poissons monospécifiques dans les eaux côtières peu profondes (5-60 m). Des protocoles innovants pour l'allocation spécifique ont été testés, en utilisant (i) des plongeurs sous-marins recensant les bancs de poissons et (ii) des plongeurs sous-marins remorqués. Un système de vidéo stéréoscopique a également été utilisé pour évaluer la longueur et l'abondance des poissons et les comparer aux estimations visuelles des plongeurs. Plusieurs répliques indépendantes de bancs monospécifiques de 5 espèces de poissons ont été obtenues. L'utilisation combinée des échosondeurs permet de disposer de descripteurs morphologiques, acoustiques et spatiaux complémentaires pour discriminer correctement les bancs. En outre, comme le système stéréoscopique s'est avéré fournir des mesures précises des individus et a pu surmonter les observations visuelles des plongeurs, nos résultats suggèrent qu'un système équipé de caméras comme une plate-forme d'instrumentation remorquée télécommandée pourrait être utilisé dans un avenir proche pour la confiance au sol dans les eaux peu profondes et claires.</p>
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